By examining the practices of social rating agencies, this article compares the methodologies adopted by these agencies to assess the societal performance of companies. The article reveals similarities, with regard to CSR themes, exclusion criteria, adoption of positive criteria, tailor-made criteria or quantification, but also several differences, particularly with regard to exclusion thresholds, the transparent or confidential approach, sectoral evaluations and weightings for each dimension. Based on the conceptualization of Sandberg et al. (2009), we believe that this contrasting image can reflect the contradictory organizational pressures to adopt a differentiation approach at the strategic and practical levels while recognizing and integrating the globalization trends of the «CSR business» at the terminological level.
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“Deep” Electronic Word of Mouth involves in-depth online consumer discussions about products and services. It goes beyond surface-level comments, offering thoroughness, authenticity, and influence. Examples include detailed reviews on platforms like Amazon, TripAdvisor and discussions in specialized forums impacting businesses and consumers.
ZAMAN Mustafeed - EM Normandie |
- Dico du Management
- Marketing, Vente et Communication