Global value chain means “the cross-border organization of activities required to produce goods or services and bring them to consumers through inputs and various phases of development, production and delivery. While the emergence of global value chains has created new economic opportunities for developing countries, their lack of regulation has also led to violations of workers’ rights and degrading working conditions.
To respond to the challenges of regulating global value chains, a variety of instruments have been developed. Each of these mechanisms is too weak on its own to ensure sufficient protection of workers’ rights, which would partly explain the paradox created by the proliferation of instruments on the one hand, and the persistent violations of workers’ rights on the other.
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Conceptualized by John Dewey in the 1930s, valuation can be defined as a social practice whereby actors reflexively reframe the inherited unsatisfactory values. Values are not considered as abstract properties, predetermined benefits, private preferences or undebatable statements, but as observable facts, practices and judgements, that everyone can see in our attitudes, relations and gestures. Valuation is thus a process where ends and means always interact, and where “ends-in-themselves”, transform into provisional “ends-in-view”. Finally, valuation implies an ethical and political dimension as the pragmatists only embrace values that enable emancipation, and help democratic processes flourish.
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