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What is bureaucracy?

  • Management Dictionary
  • Organizational Theory

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The term “bureaucracy” has become quite pejorative, but its principles can still be found under other names: quality management, reengineering, workflow. Bureaucracy hides behind management software, employee training, and other initiatives aimed at standardizing work processes.

Mots clés
  • Compétence, organization, rational-legal rationality, rules

Auteur.e(s)

NOEL Florent
Professor

Institution(s)

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02:58

What is conversion in digital marketing?

Conversion, essential in digital marketing, refers to a visitor's action in completing a key objective, such as a purchase or registration. Three elements are fundamental to maximizing conversions: an optimized user experience, with a fast and intuitive website like Amazon's; relevant and personalized messaging, supported by clear pages and effective calls to action; and finally, trust, reinforced by customer reviews or guarantees. Examples like Spotify, Booking.com, and Netflix demonstrate how simplifying the customer journey or creating a sense of urgency can transform visitors into loyal customers. Digital tools, such as A/B testing and heatmaps, facilitate these optimizations. With artificial intelligence, companies like Google and IBM Watson further personalize experiences, increasing conversion rates. Conversion, far more than just an indicator, is now a key method for transforming intent into concrete action.
MERCANTI-GUERIN Maria - IAE Paris-Sorbonne Business School |
  • Management Dictionary
  • Digital Transformation, Strategic Management
02:31

What is growth hacking?

Growth hacking is a method focused on rapid business growth that combines marketing, innovation, and agile experimentation. Popularized by Sean Ellis in 2010, it is based on five key stages of the customer journey: Acquisition, Activation, Retention, Revenue, and Referrals. Companies like Airbnb, Revolut, and Spotify use this approach to attract, retain, and turn their users into brand ambassadors. With artificial intelligence, growth hacking is evolving, leveraging innovative tools to optimize targeting, automate tasks, and maximize ROI. This creative and data-driven methodology has become essential for companies seeking to accelerate their growth.
MERCANTI-GUERIN Maria - IAE Paris-Sorbonne Business School |
  • Management Dictionary
  • Digital Transformation, Entrepreneurship, Management and Big Data, Marketing, Sales and Communication
03:05

What is inbound marketing?

Inbound marketing is a strategy that attracts consumers with relevant and non-intrusive content, rather than soliciting them through aggressive advertising. Popularized by HubSpot in 2006, this method is based on three key steps: attracting visitors with quality content, engaging these visitors through personalized interactions, and building customer loyalty by turning them into brand ambassadors. It uses techniques such as search engine optimization (SEO), email automation, and landing pages. Artificial intelligence enhances its effectiveness by making campaigns more personalized and engaging. This sustainable strategy puts the consumer at the heart of marketing efforts, while providing businesses with a powerful tool for developing strong and lasting relationships.
MERCANTI-GUERIN Maria - IAE Paris-Sorbonne Business School |
  • Management Dictionary
  • Digital Transformation, Entrepreneurship, Marketing, Sales and Communication
02:48

What is retail media?

Retail media is a key driver of commerce, projected to represent 25% of digital advertising by 2026 according to BCG. It encompasses advertising strategies deployed by brands on retailers' websites, mobile apps, and physical stores to reach consumers just before or during their purchases. This provides increased visibility for brands and allows retailers to monetize their customer data. Present across all retail sectors, retail media is multi-channel, including formats such as banners, native advertising, and video. Ads can be displayed on the retailer's website (on-site) to drive sales or on partner sites (off-site) for retargeting. The market, dominated by players like Amazon and Alibaba, relies on precise data collection and sophisticated targeting tools.
MERCANTI-GUERIN Maria - IAE Paris-Sorbonne Business School |
  • Management Dictionary
  • Digital Transformation, Marketing, Sales and Communication

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Myopia during emergency improvisation

The aim of this paper is to explore how a number of processes combined to create the micro-level strategies and procedures that resulted in the deadliest and most tragic forest fire in Portuguese history.
ABRANTES Antonio - TBS Education |
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Rebooting One’s Professional Work : The Case of French Anesthesiologists Using Hypnosis

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Affect and information systems

The sociomaterial lens within IS research holds that agency should not be considered as a property solely of humans, or of technology, but instead arises from an emergent interaction between the two. This, emergent, account of agency deepens our understanding of unfolding IS practice, but its largely cognitive orientation remains naïve towards affectively-sensed motivations that also form part of this interaction. By implication, a sociomaterial perspective lacking an affective dimension offers an incomplete conceptualisation of information systems. In response, an affectively-informed negative ontology encourages IS researchers to extend their focus beyond the visible, to encompass how actors’ receptiveness towards material objects (discourses, technologies) is shaped by deep, affectively-derived motivations of which they are not focally aware, but which nonetheless acquire agency in contributing to a sociomaterial outcome. A central argument, and illustrative empirical vignette, demonstrate how the concepts of sociomateriality, affect, and negative ontology combine to offer researchers an enhanced understanding of relational agency. A discussion follows, exploring some initial ontological, epistemological and methodological implications of an affectively-informed negative ontology for IS research.
PIGNOT Edouard - EMLV |
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Organizational Theory

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