Foreign exchange risk is the financial risk associated with fluctuations in exchange rates between currencies, affecting businesses, investors, and individuals in their international transactions. It can impact income, investments, or loan repayments depending on currency movements. A distinction is made between transaction risk, conversion risk, and economic risk. Its management relies on internal mechanisms (invoicing, netting) or external mechanisms (futures contracts, options), with a balance to be struck between cost and protection.

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In times of crisis, SME entrepreneurs update and replace the firm’s resources and capabilities within strategic renewal processes in order to maintain organizational resilience. Appearing in the form of internal development and external sourcing, the outcomes of strategic renewal are explained by the synergy of individual, organizational, and environmental factors that reinforce SMEs’ dynamic capabilities. This research presents a qualitative comparative analysis (QCA) of the conjunctural causality between multi-level dynamic capability configurations and SME strategic renewal outcomes.
WANG Yihan - EM Normandie |
- Management Dictionary
- Strategic Management, Sustainable Development and CSR

