Entrepreneurship

What is a Fundamental Analysis ?

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Management Dictionary
Corporate and Market Finance

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What is a Fundamental Analysis ?

Fundamental analysis involves assessing a stock’s intrinsic value by reviewing financial statements, industry trends, and economic factors. It helps investors determine whether a stock is undervalued or overvalued, guiding their investment decisions.

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Auteur.e(s)

SALLOUM Charbel
Professeur associé
EM Normandie

Institution(s)

Médias de la même institution

Human artificial intelligence at the service of hyperperformance

Artificial intelligence is already transforming lives and organizations. It brings a huge potential, for example, to achieve hyper-performance. Which is not about adding more trainings. But rather finding and removing obstacles from human minds. And artificial intelligence can facilitate that efficiently. It can help us to learn more about our own intelligence. Thus, giving us a unique chance to finally re-unite both intelligences.

STIBE Agnis - EM Normandie |

Research
Digital Transformation, Higher Management Education, Human Resources Management, Innovation Management, Prospective, Strategic Management

What is Hyper-Performance?

It is a state of performance when all unnecessary human thought is minimized or completely suppressed. Such as bad judgments, distracting thoughts, subjective biases, bad decisions, etc. For example, employees may be reluctant to accept artificial intelligence. That means there’s something in their mind that stops them. That something is the root cause.

STIBE Agnis - EM Normandie |

Management Dictionary
Digital Transformation, Higher Management Education, Human Resources Management, Innovation Management, Prospective, Strategic Management

Innovation Pays Off—Especially with University Partners

Cette étude analyse 2 986 entreprises d’Amérique latine (2009–2017, base LAIS) pour comprendre comment les collaborations universités–entreprises influencent le lien entre dépenses d’innovation et résultats d’innovation. Les résultats montrent (1) une relation positive entre dépenses et résultats, et (2) un effet modérateur significatif de la collaboration universitaire : à budget équivalent, les entreprises partenaires des universités obtiennent davantage d’innovations. La qualité des partenariats compte autant que leur existence. Implications : structurer la coopération (objectifs, IP), investir dans le capital humain, et mobiliser les ressources académiques comme amplificateurs de capacité.

PLATA Carlos - EM Normandie |

Research
Innovation Management

Beyond Tech Transfer: How University Collaborations Turn R&D into Results

Companies invest heavily in R&D, yet results can be uneven. Working with universities helps ideas move from plans to usable solutions—not only through patents or equipment, but through the human side of knowledge. When teams share language, simple routines, and learn together, they frame the problem the same way and avoid rework. Starting with a co-designed brief, giving academics a bit of protected time, and backing the project with capable legal and project-management support keep collaborations on track. Prestige may open the first door, but everyday joint work creates the real value: faster adoption, better processes, and skills that stay inside the firm. When universities recognise and reward these outcomes, partnerships deepen. The takeaway is simple: invest in the relationship that carries know-how, and R&D pays off more reliably.

PLATA Carlos - EM Normandie |

Interview
Innovation Management

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What is the Initial Coin Offering?

An Initial Coin Offering (ICO) is a modern fundraising method for start-ups, similar to crowdfunding but using digital tokens instead of traditional cash or rewards. Investors purchase these tokens, which they can later use to buy the product or resell for potential profit. ICOs provide entrepreneurs with a global financing opportunity while offering investors early access to innovative projects. Overall, ICOs connect entrepreneurship, finance, and blockchain technology, making them a revolutionary tool for start-up funding.

DELL’ERA Michele - EDC Business School |

Management Dictionary
Corporate and Market Finance, Entrepreneurship

Environmental Tax Policies in Emerging Markets: Does Confidence in Political Institutions Matter?

The goal of this study is to examine how environmental taxes influence the comparative advantage in environmental products and carbon emissions within emerging economies. To gain a better understanding, we examine whether this impact changes depending on the level of government integrity. The results indicate that increased environmental taxes mitigate the comparative advantage in environmental goods for emerging markets. However, for countries with high levels of government integrity, higher environmental taxes enhance their competitive edge in environmental goods. Additionally, our findings show that although a rise in environmental taxes is associated with higher carbon emissions, raising such taxes results in a reduction in carbon emissions for emerging economies with solid government integrity. These findings suggest that robust political institutions are crucial in promoting the comparative advantage of emerging markets in environmental goods and mitigating climate change. In the absence of substantial confidence in political or governmental institutions, the efficient implementation of climate taxes poses considerable challenges. Furthermore, we observe that an increase in the comparative advantage of environmental goods results in a decrease in carbon emissions.

KOCAARSLAN Baris - EDC Business School |

Research
Corporate and Market Finance

In Machine Learning We Trust: A Bankruptcy Prediction Application

Recently, ensemble-based machine learning models have been widely adopted and have demonstrated their effectiveness in bankruptcy prediction. However, these algorithms often function as black boxes, making it difficult to understand how they generate forecasts. This lack of transparency has led to growing interest in interpretability methods within artificial intelligence research. In this paper, we assess the predictive performance of Random Forest, LightGBM, XGBoost, and NGBoost (Natural Gradient Boosting for probabilistic prediction) on French firms across various industries, with a forecasting horizon of one to five years. We then apply Shapley Additive Explanations (SHAP), a model-agnostic interpretability technique, to explain XGBoost, one of the best-performing models in our study. SHAP highlights the contribution of each feature to the model’s predictions, enabling a clearer understanding of how financial and macroeconomic factors influence bankruptcy risk. Moreover, it allows for the explanation of individual predictions, making black-box models more applicable in credit risk management.

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Research
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Algorithmic trading, what if it is just an illusion?

We experimentally investigate whether and how the potential presence of algorithmic trading (AT) in human-only asset markets can influence humans’ price forecasts, trading activities and price dynamics. Two trading strategies commonly employed by high-frequency traders, spoofing (SP) – associated with market manipulation – and market making (MM) – seen as liquidity provision – are considered.

JACOB-LEAL Sandrine - FNEGE |

Research
Corporate and Market Finance

Corporate and Market Finance