Governance mechanisms potentially serve various functions and, through these functions, influence the organization’s performance and the satisfaction of its different stakeholders.
The function that has historically attracted the most attention in governance analyses is the so-called disciplinary function. According to this disciplinary approach, the main role of governance is to impose discipline on management in order to safeguard the legitimate interests of the organization’s stakeholders—particularly the shareholders, in the case of a company.
This is referred to as the shareholder-oriented disciplinary approach to governance.

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For the past twenty years, local businesses have faced competition from online sales and large retail chains. They have managed to adapt to this new competitive landscape through various strategies, primarily phygital approaches and collective action. This strategic agility and organizational flexibility have enabled them to reinvent themselves.
PIOVESAN David - iaelyon School of Management |
- Management Dictionary
- Entrepreneurship, Management of SMEs, Marketing, Sales and Communication

