What is affordance?

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Affordances are possibilities for action offered by environment: objects, artifacts, technologies. This concept was created to complement the functional view with an emphasis on users’ actions, and help identify potential failures or negative effects which the other approaches have difficulty identifying. And though this approach will never provide the creator with all potential user actions, it helps change one’s viewpoint to a more reflective one, and devise organizational designs and technologies that are safer and easier to use.

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01:42
Le managérialisme est l’accaparement du pouvoir par les managers, aux dépends des autres parties prenantes d’une organisation. Il se développe sur un affaiblissement de l’autorité professionnelle de ceux qui réalisent la mission de leur entreprise ou de leur administration, remplacée par le pouvoir de celui qui croit savoir et qui décide de tout en conséquence. Les managérialistes ont pour mission de fixer les objectifs collectifs et de décider des moyens à utiliser pour atteindre ces objectifs. Résister au managérialisme, c’est donc restaurer l’autorité de celui qui est capable d’expliquer, de justifier le pourquoi et le comment de ce qu’il fait ou propose de faire.
JOULLIÉ Jean-Étienne - EMLV |
02:55
Les chercheurs des écoles de management acceptent généralement une perspective déterministe du comportement, selon laquelle l’obéissance est le produit de forces sociales agissant sur les individus et causant leur comportement. Cette perspective a reçu une validation empirique dans les célèbres études de Solomon Asch et de Staley Milgram. Cependant, les archives de ces expériences permettent d’interpréter leurs résultats surprenant dans un autre sens : si les personnes qui en furent les sujets se comportèrent comme elles le firent, c’est parce qu’elles croyaient bien faire. En d’autres termes, leur obéissance reflétait un choix libre et délibéré.
JOULLIÉ Jean-Étienne - EMLV |
02:50
Little known in France, the analytic-synthetic distinction is one of the cornerstones of empiricism in general and the scientific method in particular. Indeed, it translates, into everyday language, the fact that scientific knowledge derives either from experience (that is, from observation) or from logic applied to experience. The origins of the distinction date back to the fourteenth century and William of Ockham, but it was David Hume and then Immanuel Kant who gave it its definitive expression.
JOULLIÉ Jean-Étienne - EMLV |

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