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What is the income statement ?

  • Management Dictionary
  • Accounting and editing, Corporate and Market Finance

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The income statement is an essential document in accounting, showing the evolution of a company’s income and expenses over a period, unlike the balance sheet which captures a situation at a precise moment. It is divided into three categories: operating (routine activities), financial (financing operations) and exceptional (specific events). The income statement influences economic performance and profitability, helping to guide decisions.

Mots clés
  • Current result before tax, Economic performance, Exceptional, expenses, Financial, Income statement, Net result, Operation, Products, profitability

Auteur.e(s)

BOLLINGER Sophie
Maitre de conférences
Faculté des Sciences Economiques et de Gestion Strasbourg

Institution(s)

Vidéos de la même institution

03:52

Entrepreneurial ecosystems in France and Norway

This research compares student entrepreneurial ecosystems in France and Norway, focusing on how students access support, resources, and networks. In France, the system is centralized, driven by key actors like Student Hubs for Innovation, Transfer and Entrepreneurship, called PEPITE. In Norway, it is open and collaborative, with strong student associations and community ties. Using interviews and social network analysis, I explored the access and the circulation of information among actors in student entrepreneurial ecosystems. The results reveal different paths to innovation shaped by culture, policy, and education. Supporting student entrepreneurship is not just about funding or training. It’s about building inclusive ecosystems where students, mentors, and institutions work together.
HU Dijia - Faculté des Sciences Economiques et de Gestion Strasbourg |
  • Master Thesis
  • Entrepreneurship, Innovation Management
03:19

What is the SDGs ?

The Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs) are 17 objectives adopted in 2015 by the United Nations to simultaneously address global economic, social, and environmental challenges by 2030. They cover a wide range of issues such as the eradication of poverty, universal access to quality education, the preservation of ecosystems, sustainable resource management, and the fight against climate change. For companies, adopting the SDGs represents a major strategic opportunity: it allows them to strengthen their social and environmental responsibility, improve their brand image, attract ethically conscious investors, while ensuring their long-term economic performance. However, successfully integrating them requires a strong commitment and real mobilization from all stakeholders inside and outside the company.
BOLLINGER Sophie - Faculté des Sciences Economiques et de Gestion Strasbourg |
  • Management Dictionary
  • Sustainable Development and CSR
02:59

What is environmental accounting ?

Environmental accounting aims to conserve natural capital, as traditional accounting does for financial assets, by valuing companies that promote the environment. The goal is to help companies integrate the costs associated with environmental impacts into their financial decisions. There are several types of environmental accounting: physical accounting (measuring resource flows such as water), monetary accounting (financial valuation of environmental costs), and ecological accounting (valuing ecosystem services).
BOLLINGER Sophie - Faculté des Sciences Economiques et de Gestion Strasbourg |
  • Management Dictionary
  • Accounting and editing, Management Control
03:06

What is the CSRD?

The CSRD (Corporate Sustainability Reporting Directive) is a European directive that requires large companies and certain SMEs to disclose information on their environmental, social, and governance (ESG) practices. It aims to enhance the transparency and reliability of sustainability reporting and enable better comparability across organizations. The directive introduces the European Sustainability Reporting Standards (ESRS) and requires the verification of reports by an independent third-party body. A “double materiality” approach is also required, asking companies to assess both the impact of sustainability on their business and the impact of their activities on society and the environment.
BOLLINGER Sophie - Faculté des Sciences Economiques et de Gestion Strasbourg |
  • Management Dictionary
  • Accounting and editing, Management Control

Vidéos de la même thématique

  • 00:02:43

What is the Initial Coin Offering?

An Initial Coin Offering (ICO) is a modern fundraising method for start-ups, similar to crowdfunding but using digital tokens instead of traditional cash or rewards. Investors purchase these tokens, which they can later use to buy the product or resell for potential profit. ICOs provide entrepreneurs with a global financing opportunity while offering investors early access to innovative projects. Overall, ICOs connect entrepreneurship, finance, and blockchain technology, making them a revolutionary tool for start-up funding.
DELL’ERA Michele - EDC Business School |
  • Management Dictionary
  • Corporate and Market Finance, Entrepreneurship
  • 00:04:23

Environmental Tax Policies in Emerging Markets: Does Confidence in Political Institutions Matter?

The goal of this study is to examine how environmental taxes influence the comparative advantage in environmental products and carbon emissions within emerging economies. To gain a better understanding, we examine whether this impact changes depending on the level of government integrity. The results indicate that increased environmental taxes mitigate the comparative advantage in environmental goods for emerging markets. However, for countries with high levels of government integrity, higher environmental taxes enhance their competitive edge in environmental goods. Additionally, our findings show that although a rise in environmental taxes is associated with higher carbon emissions, raising such taxes results in a reduction in carbon emissions for emerging economies with solid government integrity. These findings suggest that robust political institutions are crucial in promoting the comparative advantage of emerging markets in environmental goods and mitigating climate change. In the absence of substantial confidence in political or governmental institutions, the efficient implementation of climate taxes poses considerable challenges. Furthermore, we observe that an increase in the comparative advantage of environmental goods results in a decrease in carbon emissions.
KOCAARSLAN Baris - EDC Business School |
  • Research
  • Corporate and Market Finance
  • 00:03:47

In Machine Learning We Trust: A Bankruptcy Prediction Application

Recently, ensemble-based machine learning models have been widely adopted and have demonstrated their effectiveness in bankruptcy prediction. However, these algorithms often function as black boxes, making it difficult to understand how they generate forecasts. This lack of transparency has led to growing interest in interpretability methods within artificial intelligence research. In this paper, we assess the predictive performance of Random Forest, LightGBM, XGBoost, and NGBoost (Natural Gradient Boosting for probabilistic prediction) on French firms across various industries, with a forecasting horizon of one to five years. We then apply Shapley Additive Explanations (SHAP), a model-agnostic interpretability technique, to explain XGBoost, one of the best-performing models in our study. SHAP highlights the contribution of each feature to the model’s predictions, enabling a clearer understanding of how financial and macroeconomic factors influence bankruptcy risk. Moreover, it allows for the explanation of individual predictions, making black-box models more applicable in credit risk management.
NGUYEN Hoang Hiep - EM Normandie |
  • Research
  • Corporate and Market Finance
  • 00:04:05

Algorithmic trading, what if it is just an illusion?

We experimentally investigate whether and how the potential presence of algorithmic trading (AT) in human-only asset markets can influence humans’ price forecasts, trading activities and price dynamics. Two trading strategies commonly employed by high-frequency traders, spoofing (SP) – associated with market manipulation – and market making (MM) – seen as liquidity provision – are considered.
JACOB-LEAL Sandrine - FNEGE |
  • Research
  • Corporate and Market Finance
Accounting and editing
Corporate and Market Finance

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