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03:25

What is bureaucracy?

The term "bureaucracy" has become quite pejorative, but its principles can still be found under other names: quality management, reengineering, workflow. Bureaucracy hides behind management software, employee training, and other initiatives aimed at standardizing work processes.

NOEL Florent - |

Management Dictionary
Organizational Theory

03:03

What is autonomy?

If we combine these different dimensions, we see that behind the notion of autonomy emerges a new way of thinking about work — one that differs from subordinated labor or work seen merely as a "factor of production." Between prescribed work and real work, between granted autonomy and earned autonomy, between freedom and social constraints, a new approach to management is emerging: moving away from constraint to allow employees to propose initiatives, as long as their proposals create value for the organization. Ultimately, the goal is to develop and harness their expertise in the interest of the organization, while also supporting their emancipation, which could be seen as the ultimate purpose of work.

NOEL Florent - |

Management Dictionary
Human Resources Management, Organizational Theory

02:46

What is sustainability?

In French, sustainability often refers primarily to financial issues, with debt sustainability, for example, being both a political and managerial concern. However, the French language also offers a different perspective on sustainability, in the sense of what can be endured or supported. Sustainability is the idea that goods and services should be produced in such a way that they do not use resources that cannot be replaced and that do not damage the environment. It is a form of development that can be supported within societal and environmental limits. The International Organization for Standardization (ISO) shares this view, defining sustainability as a state in which all systems (environmental, social, economic) are able to meet present needs without preventing future generations from meeting theirs. The sustainability of a country or organization is therefore the goal of sustainable development.

PLAISANCE Guillaume - IAE Bordeaux |

Management Dictionary
Governance, Sustainable Development and CSR

02:56

What is the social responsability of associations?

The social responsibility of organizations is spreading to all entities, both private and public. This situation now leads associations governed by the 1901 law to also consider their social responsibility. Too often simply applied from that of companies, it must be framed within the specific context of associations. The social responsibility of associations primarily involves ensuring that the mission and values are disseminated throughout the entire organization. It also means remaining compliant with the law in order to survive, quite simply. The responsibility of associations also covers several aspects of accountability and transparency regarding the organization's performance in its daily operations. It also involves behaving ethically, both at the leadership level and on the ground. More broadly, associations can set an example, first because they have a fundamental role in political awareness and therefore a civic role, but also because they can be drivers of social innovation.

PLAISANCE Guillaume - IAE Bordeaux |

Management Dictionary
Governance, Health Sector Management, Management of Social and Solidarity Organizations, Public Management, Sustainable Development and CSR

02:52

What is resilience?

In French, soutenabilité often refers primarily to financial issues, with debt sustainability, for example, being both a political and managerial concern. However, the French language also offers a different perspective on soutenabilité, in the sense of what can be borne or sustained. Soutenabilité is the idea that goods and services should be produced in such a way that they do not use resources that cannot be replaced and do not harm the environment. It refers to a form of development that can be supported within societal and environmental limits. The International Organization for Standardization (ISO) expresses a similar view, defining soutenabilité as a condition in which all systems (environmental, social, and economic) are able to meet the needs of the present without compromising the ability of future generations to meet their own needs. The soutenabilité of a country or an organization is thus the ultimate goal of sustainable development.

PLAISANCE Guillaume - IAE Bordeaux |

Management Dictionary
Governance, Sustainable Development and CSR

02:56

What are the spontaneous and specific mechanisms of governance?

Properly governing an organization is both a challenge and a vital necessity. In its formal dimension, governance is often associated with bodies such as the board of directors or with functions such as auditing. In its informal dimension, governance relies on spontaneous and specific mechanisms. The first of these is mutual oversight among executives. Equally informal, organizational culture helps to disseminate the values, rituals, and collective habits of the group. Caby, J., Hirigoyen, G., & Prat dit Hauret, C. (2013). Value Creation and Corporate Governance. Economica.

PLAISANCE Guillaume - IAE Bordeaux |

Management Dictionary
Governance, Management Control, Strategic Management, Sustainable Development and CSR

02:53

What is Baumol and Bowen’s law?

In 1966, American researchers William Baumol and William Bowen turned their attention to the arts and culture sector, and more specifically to the performing arts. They observed the very limited potential for productivity gains and a predominance of fixed structural costs over variable costs. This situation ultimately leads to structural deficits for artistic and cultural organizations. Sometimes referred to as the "cost disease", this economic condition is further exacerbated by societal expectations placed on the arts and culture. However, it tends to underestimate the capacity for innovation within artistic and cultural organizations, as well as the potential for ancillary revenue streams arising from concerts or performances, such as merchandising. Finally, the model fails to account for a wide range of economic and non-economic externalities generated by these activities.

PLAISANCE Guillaume - IAE Bordeaux |

Management Dictionary
Corporate and Market Finance, Strategic Management, Sustainable Development and CSR

03:01

What is governance according to ISO 37000?

ISO 37000 considers that governance is based on a defined purpose and relies on four core principles: value creation, strategy, oversight, and accountability. These fundamental principles are then supported by a range of complementary principles, including: stakeholder engagement, leadership, data, risk governance, social responsibility, as well as the viability and sustainability of performance. If governance is effective, high-quality, and collective, it leads to three main outcomes: effective performance, ethical behavior, and responsible management.

PLAISANCE Guillaume - IAE Bordeaux |

Management Dictionary
Accounting and editing, Governance, Management Control, Sustainable Development and CSR

02:33

What is benevolent leadership?

Compassionate leadership emerged with the goal of restoring relationships between employees and leaders. According to Farhi Karakas and Emine Sarigollu, it is based on four paradigms of the common good in organizational research: morality, spirituality, vitality, and community. Described as a process of creating a virtuous cycle of encouraging and initiating positive change, it is embodied by making ethical decisions, creating meaning, inspiring hope, and fostering courage for positive action, and positively impacting the broader community. Compassionate leaders are those who create benefits, positive changes, and observable results for the common good of the organization.

ARNAUD Yann - FNEGE |

Management Dictionary
Human Resources Management

03:49

What is the Governance Code?

A governance code is a set of recommendations designed, according to its authors, to ensure the implementation of best practices in the organization and functioning of the board of directors. Today, there are several hundred such codes around the world—sometimes multiple codes within a single country. This is the case in France, where the financial market regulator recognizes two codes: the AFEP-MEDEF Code and the Middlenext Code. These governance codes fall under what is known in legal terms as soft law. Indeed, the term code can be misleading, as these are not laws passed through a legislative process, but rather self-regulatory texts issued by employers' associations.

WIRTZ Peter - emlyon business school |

Management Dictionary
Governance, Organizational Theory

03:34

What is Disciplinary Governance?

Governance mechanisms potentially serve various functions and, through these functions, influence the organization’s performance and the satisfaction of its different stakeholders. The function that has historically attracted the most attention in governance analyses is the so-called disciplinary function. According to this disciplinary approach, the main role of governance is to impose discipline on management in order to safeguard the legitimate interests of the organization’s stakeholders—particularly the shareholders, in the case of a company. This is referred to as the shareholder-oriented disciplinary approach to governance.

WIRTZ Peter - emlyon business school |

Management Dictionary
Governance, Organizational Theory

03:47

What is entrepreneurial finance?

Entrepreneurial finance focuses on raising financial resources for young businesses. In addition to friends and family (commonly referred to as love money in Anglo-Saxon contexts), who are often the first contributors to new entrepreneurial ventures for emotional reasons, and various public support programs, the primary source of funding comes from equity investors. These investors can generally be classified into three categories: venture capital, business angels, and the crowd, which can participate through equity-based crowdfunding platforms. It is worth noting that, given their experience and specific skills and knowledge, some of these actors contribute more than just money to young companies.

WIRTZ Peter - emlyon business school |

Management Dictionary
Corporate and Market Finance, Entrepreneurship, Governance