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02:59

What is environmental accounting ?

Environmental accounting aims to conserve natural capital, as traditional accounting does for financial assets, by valuing companies that promote the environment. The goal is to help companies integrate the costs associated with environmental impacts into their financial decisions. There are several types of environmental accounting: physical accounting (measuring resource flows such as water), monetary accounting (financial valuation of environmental costs), and ecological accounting (valuing ecosystem services).

BOLLINGER Sophie - Faculté des Sciences Economiques et de Gestion Strasbourg |

Management Dictionary
Accounting and editing, Management Control

03:06

What is the CSRD?

The CSRD (Corporate Sustainability Reporting Directive) is a European directive that requires large companies and certain SMEs to disclose information on their environmental, social, and governance (ESG) practices. It aims to enhance the transparency and reliability of sustainability reporting and enable better comparability across organizations. The directive introduces the European Sustainability Reporting Standards (ESRS) and requires the verification of reports by an independent third-party body. A “double materiality” approach is also required, asking companies to assess both the impact of sustainability on their business and the impact of their activities on society and the environment.

BOLLINGER Sophie - Faculté des Sciences Economiques et de Gestion Strasbourg |

Management Dictionary
Accounting and editing, Management Control

02:43

What is the balance sheet?

The balance sheet is a key document that provides a snapshot of a company's financial position at a given point in time. It is structured into two main parts: assets, representing what the company owns, and liabilities, representing what it owes. Assets are divided into fixed assets (intended to remain in the company long-term) and current assets (easily convertible into cash, such as inventory, receivables, or cash on hand). Liabilities include equity, provisions for risks and charges, as well as debts. The balance sheet allows for an assessment of the company's financial health by providing an overview of its resources and obligations. It is often complemented by other financial statements, such as the income statement, and financial indicators to refine the analysis of the company's financial condition.

BOLLINGER Sophie - Faculté des Sciences Economiques et de Gestion Strasbourg |

Management Dictionary
Accounting and editing, Management Control

03:07

What is the cost price?

The cost price corresponds to the total sum of all costs incurred to produce a good or provide a service. It includes direct costs (raw materials, specific labor) and indirect costs (overheads such as rent, administration, depreciation). It is an essential indicator for determining the selling price and analyzing profitability. Accurately calculating this cost presents challenges, notably the allocation of indirect expenses, regular fluctuations in resource prices, and hidden costs. Mastering the cost price allows for better resource management, enhancing the company's competitiveness and long-term sustainability.

BOLLINGER Sophie - Faculté des Sciences Economiques et de Gestion Strasbourg |

Management Dictionary
Management Control

03:32

What is depreciation?

Depreciation is an essential accounting concept that allows the gradual allocation of the cost of a fixed asset over its useful life. It reflects the loss of value of an asset due to physical wear and tear, technological obsolescence, or the passage of time. There are three main methods: straight-line depreciation (equal charges each year), declining balance depreciation (higher charges at the beginning, gradually decreasing), and units-of-production depreciation (charges based on actual usage). Depreciation ensures a faithful presentation of a company's financial results and helps anticipate the renewal of investments, thereby contributing to optimal strategic management of resources.

BOLLINGER Sophie - Faculté des Sciences Economiques et de Gestion Strasbourg |

Management Dictionary
Accounting and editing, Management Control

03:54

What is the management of artistic and cultural organizations?

Artistic and cultural organizations can be considered unique due to their specific mode of operation. On one hand, these organizations have a creative dimension and face uncertainty both in their production processes and in the outcomes of those processes. On the other hand, they deal with multiple stakeholders. They operate at the intersection of several worlds, each associated with different logics: an artistic logic, a managerial logic, and finally a political logic. In this context, the question arises as to how they are managed and how management tools are used within them.

ZAMAN Mustafeed - EM Normandie |

Management Dictionary
Management Control

03:18

What is CSR (Corporate Social Responsibility)?

Description of the concept of CSR Corporate Social Responsibility (CSR) emerged from reflections aimed at questioning the role and mission of companies in society, as well as the responsibilities they bear. This concept appeared during the Second Industrial Revolution in the United States, as a way to examine the practices of large corporations concentrating capital, tools, and human resources.

MARAIS Magalie - MONTPELLIER Business School |

Management Dictionary
Management of Social and Solidarity Organizations, Strategic Management, Sustainable Development and CSR

03:48

What is sustainable finance?

To understand the term “Sustainable Finance,” we need to look at the two words that make it up. The word “finance” refers to any activity related to money, which serves as a medium of exchange and a store of value. These activities can include financing and investing across different fields such as corporate finance, market finance, public finance, and personal finance. As for the word “sustainable,” it simply means something that lasts over time. Therefore, the term “Sustainable Finance” refers to financial activities that aim to promote sustainability across the four areas of finance. This sustainability can be social and/or environmental.

HOANG HILLARD Thi Hong Van - MONTPELLIER Business School |

Management Dictionary
Corporate and Market Finance

03:42

What is impact entrepreneurship?

Impact entrepreneurship combines economic performance with a positive contribution to the common good by integrating a social or environmental mission from the outset. These businesses address global challenges through a clear mission, a sustainable economic model, and transparent impact assessment. This model attracts investors and demonstrates resilience in times of crisis. Impact entrepreneurship embodies a new vision of business, where sustainability and performance go hand in hand.

GHAMGUI Nizar - |

Management Dictionary
Entrepreneurship

03:14

What is informal entrepreneurship?

Informal entrepreneurship encompasses economic activities that operate outside legal frameworks and represents a significant share of the global economy, particularly in developing countries. It offers flexibility and serves as an economic lever to reduce unemployment and poverty, but also raises challenges related to the lack of social protection and low productivity. Recognizing and valuing this sector is essential to optimize its socio-economic impact.

GHAMGUI Nizar - |

Management Dictionary
Entrepreneurship

03:40

What is inclusive entrepreneurship?

Inclusive entrepreneurship aims to integrate marginalized populations into the economy by creating economic opportunities while strengthening social cohesion. It transforms differences into assets through innovative and sustainable business models, while also assessing social impact. This model is not limited to startups — it also inspires established companies, demonstrating that economy and humanism can go hand in hand to build a more equitable society.

GHAMGUI Nizar - |

Management Dictionary
Entrepreneurship

03:36

What is structuration theory?

Giddens' Structuration Theory seeks to explain how social structures are created and maintained through the actions, practices, and interactions of individuals. According to Giddens, social structures are not merely external forces that influence human behavior; they are constantly reproduced and modified through individual actions.

GHAMGUI Nizar - |

Management Dictionary
Entrepreneurship, Organizational Theory