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Dictionary of Management

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02:36

What is gendered marketing?

Gendered marketing involves segmenting the market and tailoring products, services, and communications according to gender, often based on stereotypes or perceived differences. Historically, it has boosted sales by targeting men and women differently, as seen in gendered toys or cigarettes marketed to women. However, this approach is now being challenged. Brands must evolve to reflect all gender identities and move beyond potentially discriminatory stereotypes. A more inclusive society expects genuine strategies that avoid gender washing and authentically celebrate diversity.
TRELOHAN Magali - |
  • Management Dictionary
  • Marketing, Sales and Communication
02:40

What is social marketing?

Social marketing is an approach that leverages marketing techniques to encourage behaviors that have a positive impact on society. Unlike traditional marketing, which primarily aims to maximize sales, social marketing seeks to address issues such as public health, the environment, and human rights. It relies on a deep understanding of the needs and obstacles of the target audience, as well as strategic partnerships. For example, campaigns might encourage people to reduce their plastic consumption or engage in regular physical activity. To succeed, it's not just about communication; it's also about making desired behaviors more accessible, more appealing, and less expensive. By integrating these elements, social marketing contributes to improving collective well-being.
TRELOHAN Magali - |
  • Management Dictionary
  • Marketing, Sales and Communication
02:47

What are pro-environmental behaviors?

Pro-environmental behaviors refer to actions aimed at reducing human impact on the environment, whether individual (such as recycling or adopting eco-responsible consumption) or collective (advocating for climate policies). Historically linked to the environmental awareness of the 1970s, these behaviors are now crucial in the face of the climate emergency. However, they encounter psychological, economic, and practical obstacles. To encourage them, it is essential that public and private actors make these ecological actions more accessible and socially valued. These behaviors, while indispensable, must be integrated into collective and systemic initiatives for a sustainable transition.
TRELOHAN Magali - |
  • Management Dictionary
  • Marketing, Sales and Communication, Public Management, Sustainable Development and CSR
03:06

What is sustainable marketing?

According to Dekhili et al. (2021, pp. 21–22), “sustainable marketing is a proactive approach and a process (combining tools, indicators, objectives, and resources) that creates value in a combined and systematic way at three levels: – Value for the company – Value for the consumer – Extended value (environmental and social value) It is reflected in the integration of environmental and social issues at the core of the brand’s strategic vision by defining a purpose that goes beyond profit objectives and is rooted in the long term. It is implemented through the different dimensions of the marketing mix — product design, pricing, distribution, and communication.”
DEKHILI Sihem - EM Strasbourg |
  • Management Dictionary
  • Higher Management Education, Marketing, Sales and Communication, Sustainable Development and CSR
03:32

What is local retail?

For the past twenty years, local businesses have faced competition from online sales and large retail chains. They have managed to adapt to this new competitive landscape through various strategies, primarily phygital approaches and collective action. This strategic agility and organizational flexibility have enabled them to reinvent themselves.
PIOVESAN David - iaelyon School of Management |
  • Management Dictionary
  • Entrepreneurship, Management of SMEs, Marketing, Sales and Communication
03:09

What is prescription?

The digital and technological transformations of the past 20 years have completely disrupted sales practices and consumer behavior. In response to these major changes, the role of guidance and customer recommendation has had to reinvent itself and adopt new forms that are more aligned with today’s challenges.
PIOVESAN David - iaelyon School of Management |
  • Management Dictionary
  • Marketing, Sales and Communication, Organizational Theory
01:42

What is Managerialism?

Le managérialisme est l’accaparement du pouvoir par les managers, aux dépends des autres parties prenantes d’une organisation. Il se développe sur un affaiblissement de l’autorité professionnelle de ceux qui réalisent la mission de leur entreprise ou de leur administration, remplacée par le pouvoir de celui qui croit savoir et qui décide de tout en conséquence. Les managérialistes ont pour mission de fixer les objectifs collectifs et de décider des moyens à utiliser pour atteindre ces objectifs. Résister au managérialisme, c’est donc restaurer l’autorité de celui qui est capable d’expliquer, de justifier le pourquoi et le comment de ce qu’il fait ou propose de faire.
JOULLIÉ Jean-Étienne - EMLV |
  • Management Dictionary
  • Governance, History of Management, Human Resources Management, Organizational Theory
02:55

What is obedience?

Les chercheurs des écoles de management acceptent généralement une perspective déterministe du comportement, selon laquelle l’obéissance est le produit de forces sociales agissant sur les individus et causant leur comportement. Cette perspective a reçu une validation empirique dans les célèbres études de Solomon Asch et de Staley Milgram. Cependant, les archives de ces expériences permettent d’interpréter leurs résultats surprenant dans un autre sens : si les personnes qui en furent les sujets se comportèrent comme elles le firent, c’est parce qu’elles croyaient bien faire. En d’autres termes, leur obéissance reflétait un choix libre et délibéré.
JOULLIÉ Jean-Étienne - EMLV |
  • Management Dictionary
  • Human Resources Management, Organizational Theory
02:50

What is synthetic-analytical distinction

Little known in France, the analytic-synthetic distinction is one of the cornerstones of empiricism in general and the scientific method in particular. Indeed, it translates, into everyday language, the fact that scientific knowledge derives either from experience (that is, from observation) or from logic applied to experience. The origins of the distinction date back to the fourteenth century and William of Ockham, but it was David Hume and then Immanuel Kant who gave it its definitive expression.
JOULLIÉ Jean-Étienne - EMLV |
  • Management Dictionary
  • Governance, Strategic Management
02:42

What is supply chain management?

SCM (Supply Chain Management) covers all activities related to a company’s industrial macro-process. It thus encompasses all activities involved in the creation and production of the products marketed by the company (purchasing, procurement, production, order management, distribution, logistics). By using appropriate information systems, it manages not only physical flows (materials, components, finished products, etc.) but also information flows (orders, forecasts, inventory levels, lead times, etc.). Both intra- and inter-organizational, Supply Chain Management requires coordination among all internal (marketing, R&D, purchasing, sales, etc.) and external partners of the company.
AGERON Blandine - Grenoble IAE |
LAVASTRE Olivier - Grenoble IAE |
  • Management Dictionary
  • Higher Management Education, Purchasing Management, Sustainable Development and CSR
03:33

What is servitization?

According to Baines and Lightfoot, servicization can be seen as the transformation from the mere sale of products to the sale of an integrated combination of products and services that creates value for customers. These product-related services can include basic, traditional services (such as after-sales service, maintenance, or financing) as well as more advanced, complex offerings (such as component availability, product customization, or visibility into inventory levels). Servicization should be viewed as a continuum, ranging from a pure product to a pure service. Servicization has become essential for French industrial companies.
AGERON Blandine - Grenoble IAE |
LAVASTRE Olivier - Grenoble IAE |
  • Management Dictionary
  • Higher Management Education, Logistics and Supply Chain, Purchasing Management
04:03

What are psychosocial risks?

The very idea of the existence of Psychosocial Risks is recent; this term did not exist before 2005. The suicide crisis brought this concept to light, providing a way to summarize under a single term a set of conditions that give rise to suffering at work.
ABORD DE CHATILLON Emmanuel - Grenoble IAE |
  • Management Dictionary
  • Human Resources Management