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Employee shareholding refers to the ownership of company shares by its employees. Widely spread in France, it involves more than 3 million employees who hold on average 3.9% of the capital of CAC40 companies, but remains rare in SMEs (1 in 100). Accessible to all employees, it has benefited from tax advantages since the 1960s and enjoys broad political consensus. However, it encompasses varied realities depending on the company size, the percentage of capital held, and the distribution of shares among employees. In the United States, research has mainly focused on SMEs where employees own 30% of the capital, showing benefits such as better performance, increased employee engagement, and enhanced attractiveness. Employee shareholding was originally designed as a way to harmonize relations between capital and labor, with its real impact depending on fair implementation.
- Management Dictionary
- Corporate and Market Finance, Governance, Human Resources Management, Organizational Theory, Sustainable Development and CSR
