This paper investigates the impact of gender quotas on firm performance using countries worldwide that have introduced a gender quota as a quasinatural experiment. Our statistical analysis shows that board members’ characteristics significantly change after implementing the gender quota. The results of our empirical analysis provide evidence that gender quotas reduce the cost of equity in the short term but decrease the Tobin’s Q in the long term and have a neutral impact on profitability in the short term and the longer term.
02:51
Although consumers rely on their activities to help construct their identity, antecedents and outcomes of consumer-activity identification (CAI) have not been elucidated. This research addresses this gap through the development of a conceptual model that is tested through two studies. Study 1 finds that CAI leads to consumer-brand identification (CBI). Further, CBI mediates the relationship between CAI and brand loyalty. Study 2 expands these findings by understanding the role of brand and activity social benefits as antecedents for CAI and CBI and including a second brand outcome: brand relationship continuance. Taken together, the results indicate that consumers indeed rely on the activities a brand is used within to construct their identity in addition to the brand.
HAWKINS Matthew - Burgundy School of Business |
- Research
- Marketing, Sales and Communication