{"id":58505,"date":"2025-09-16T11:40:29","date_gmt":"2025-09-16T09:40:29","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/fnege-medias.fr\/video-acf\/what-is-baumol-and-bowens-law-en\/"},"modified":"2025-09-16T11:40:29","modified_gmt":"2025-09-16T09:40:29","slug":"what-is-baumol-and-bowens-law-en","status":"publish","type":"video-acf","link":"https:\/\/fnege-medias.fr\/en\/fnege-video\/what-is-baumol-and-bowens-law-en\/","title":{"rendered":"What is <b>Baumol and Bowen&#8217;s law<\/b>?"},"content":{"rendered":"<p data-start=\"73\" data-end=\"488\">In 1966, American researchers <strong data-start=\"103\" data-end=\"139\">William Baumol and William Bowen<\/strong> turned their attention to the <strong data-start=\"170\" data-end=\"197\">arts and culture sector<\/strong>, and more specifically to the <strong data-start=\"228\" data-end=\"247\">performing arts<\/strong>. They observed the <strong data-start=\"267\" data-end=\"316\">very limited potential for productivity gains<\/strong>and a predominance of <strong data-start=\"339\" data-end=\"365\">fixed structural costs<\/strong> over variable costs. This situation ultimately leads to <strong data-start=\"422\" data-end=\"445\">structural deficits<\/strong> for artistic and cultural organizations.<\/p>\n<p data-start=\"490\" data-end=\"884\">Sometimes referred to as the &#8220;<strong data-start=\"520\" data-end=\"536\">cost disease<\/strong>&#8220;, this economic condition is further <strong data-start=\"574\" data-end=\"614\">exacerbated by societal expectations<\/strong>placed on the arts and culture. However, it tends to <strong data-start=\"668\" data-end=\"713\">underestimate the capacity for innovation<\/strong> within artistic and cultural organizations, as well as the potential for <strong data-start=\"787\" data-end=\"816\">ancillary revenue streams<\/strong> arising from concerts or performances, such as <strong data-start=\"864\" data-end=\"881\">merchandising<\/strong>.<\/p>\n<p data-start=\"886\" data-end=\"1016\">Finally, the model fails to account for a wide range of <strong data-start=\"942\" data-end=\"985\">economic and non-economic externalities<\/strong> generated by these activities.<\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>In 1966, American researchers William Baumol and William Bowen turned their attention to the arts and culture sector, and more specifically to the performing arts. They observed the very limited potential for productivity gains and a predominance of fixed structural costs over variable costs. This situation ultimately leads to structural deficits for artistic and cultural organizations.<br \/>\nSometimes referred to as the &#8220;cost disease&#8221;, this economic condition is further exacerbated by societal expectations placed on the arts and culture. However, it tends to underestimate the capacity for innovation within artistic and cultural organizations, as well as the potential for ancillary revenue streams arising from concerts or performances, such as merchandising.<br \/>\nFinally, the model fails to account for a wide range of economic and non-economic externalities generated by these activities.<\/p>\n","protected":false},"featured_media":52425,"template":"","format":[11958,11959],"meta":{"_acf_changed":false},"categories":[3148,3025,3032,3028,3153,3145],"tags":[11080,11081,8411,8344,742,5361,11757,11082,11083,11084],"class_list":["post-58505","video-acf","type-video-acf","status-publish","has-post-thumbnail","hentry","category-corporate-and-market-finance","category-developpement-durable-et-rse","category-finance-dentreprise-et-finance-de-marche","category-management-strategique","category-strategic-management","category-sustainable-development-and-csr","tag-arts-and-culture","tag-baumol-and-bowen","tag-economies-of-scale","tag-inflation","tag-innovation","tag-performing-arts-en","tag-productivity-2","tag-rising-costs","tag-structural-costs","tag-territorial-impact","format-dico","format-management-dictionary"],"acf":[],"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/fnege-medias.fr\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/video-acf\/58505","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/fnege-medias.fr\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/video-acf"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/fnege-medias.fr\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/video-acf"}],"version-history":[{"count":0,"href":"https:\/\/fnege-medias.fr\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/video-acf\/58505\/revisions"}],"wp:featuredmedia":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/fnege-medias.fr\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media\/52425"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/fnege-medias.fr\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=58505"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/fnege-medias.fr\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/categories?post=58505"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/fnege-medias.fr\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/tags?post=58505"},{"taxonomy":"format","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/fnege-medias.fr\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/format?post=58505"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}